{"product_id":"9780796924889","title":"The Congress Movement","description":"The Congress Movement, based on primary and secondary sources including some 80 interviews dating back to the early 1960s, uniquely combines narrative and analysis. Volume 3 explores how the ANC emerges and stps into its primary role as a national liberation movement resulting from a complex process stretching from the 1920s to the beginning of the 1960s. A key theme in this context is the integral role of the then Congress Youth League leaders such as Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu, and Oliver Tambo. \n CONTENTS: • SEARCHING FOR THE ADEQUATE FORM OF THE UNITED FRONT, 1928-34: THREATS TO THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS''S PRIMARY ROLE.\n • Threats to the African National Congress''s Primary Role.\n • The ANC-ICU 1928 Decision to Cooperate: With an Anti-Communist Rider: Issue of Passes, 1928-30.\n • What Kind of Organisation Was the LAR?\n • Mahabane Takes the Lead in Calling for an African Convention.\n • Mahabane''s Policy of a Black-White Round Table and Declaration of Rights, 1929 ANC Conference.\n • The Communists'' Attitude to Mahabane''s Policies.\n • Mahabane and Communism, 1929.\n • Maneuvers to Dismantle the ANC''s Primary Role, 1926-30.\n • Gumede Loses the Congress Presidency.\n • Plans to Restructure the ANC on the Basis of Employees'' Organisations: Ballinger''s Role.\n • The Non-European Conference.\n • AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS AT THE TIME OF THE SEME PRESIDENCY, 1930-37: THE ORGANISATION''S CONGRESS CHARACTER IS ENDANGERED.\n • The Organisation''s Congress Character is Endangered.\n • Seme''s Political Positions at the Time of the Founding of the Congress.\n • The New Seme Constitution.\n • Seme and the Upper House at the Time of the Mahabane Presidency, 1937-40.\n • Seme, Business.\n • Fate of the Heaton Nicholls Initiative in the Framework of the Joint Select Committee.\n • African National Congress Leaders and the Nicholls Plan.\n • State of the African National Congress in the First Half of the 1930s.\n • Liberals Prime DDT Jabavu as African Leader on the Franchise Proposals.\n • Congress Leaders Call for an All-African Convention: The Regional Conferences.\n • The All-African Convention, 1935.\n • Maneuvers Around the \"Compromise\" of 1936.\n • Thema, Dube, and Seme and the \"Compromise.\"\n • Seme''s Removal at the 1937 Conference: Mahabane Puts the African National Congress Back on Course.\n • THE ALL-AFRICAN CONVENTION AND THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS, 1937-48: A FEDERAL OR UNITARY PRINCIPLE?\n • A Federal or Unitary Principle?\n • Kadalie''s Response to the All-African Convention.\n • Was the All-African Convention a New Social Movement?\n • The Communists'' Attitude to the All-African Convention.\n • Reservations About the All-African Convention and Early Moves to Revive the African National Congress.\n • The All-African Convention Challenge is Defeated.\n • The ANC Adopts a New Constitution in 1943.\n • Xuma and the All-African Convention: Non-European Unity Movement, Including the \"Meeting of the 12 Leaders.\"\n • THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS UNDER ZUMA, 1940-49: TO WHAT EXTENT WAS IT A BREAK WITH A PREVIOUS ERA?\n • To What Extent Was It a Break With the Previous Era?\n • Were Congress Councillors on the Native Representative Council Mandated by the ANC?\n • Division of Labor Between Z.K. Matthews and Xuma: The 1943 NRC Recess Committee on Representation.\n • A New Phase Opens With Africans'' Claims.\n • The Pass Campaign, 1943-46.\n • The Crisis Conditions of 1946.\n • Xuma, Congress, and Trade Unionism.\n • Xuma''s Evidence to the Native Mine Wages Commission of 1943.\n • Prelude to the African Mine Workers'' Strike.\n • The African Mine Workers'' Strike, 1946.\n • The Communists and the Question of a Non-European Trade Union Federation.\n • What Was Xuma''s Attitude Towards the Mine Strike?\n • Adjournment of the Native Representative Council and the Smuts Proposals.\n • Xuma, the ANC, and the Boycott of the NRC.\n • Xuma and Organisation.\n • Growing Political Role of Indian Leaders.\n • The People''s Assembly of 1948: Problems of the United Front.\n • PHASE OF THE PROGRAMME OF ACTION, 1948-50: A COMPLICATED HISTORICAL JUNCTURE.\n • A Complicated Historical Juncture.\n • The ANC and the General Election of 1948.\n • Emergence of the Youth League: What Was Its Strategy?\n • The CYL''s Programme for a New South Africa.\n • The Issue of a Programme of Action Prior to the ANC''s 1948 Conference.\n • The ANC Annual Conference, December 1948, and a Programme of Action.\n • Efforts to Draft a Programme of Action During 1949.\n • Response of the Communists to the Programme.\n • The Difficulties of Leading Youth Leaguers with the Defend Free Speech Convention, 1950.\n • Suppression of Communism Act: Mandela, Tambo, Sisulu Jettison Anti-Communism.\n • CHAMPION, MSIMANG, AND THEMA LEAVE THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS, 1951-1952: END OF AN ERA.\n • End of an Era.\n • The CYL and Radical Democracy.\n • The CYL and Trade Unionism: The CYL''s Attitude to the ICU.\n • Kadalie''s Last Years.\n • Champion''s Efforts to Secure the Role of \"Leader of Natal.\"\n • Champion''s Growing Irritation with the ANC.\n • Natal, the National Fund, the Afrikaner Nationalists, and the Zulu Royal House.\n • African-Indian Confrontation in Durban: The 1949 Riots.\n • Champion''s Attitude to the Youth Leaguers and to the Programme of Action.\n • Msimang Turns Against Champion and Lutuli Takes Over the Natal Leadership.\n • The Baloyi Issue, Congress, and Afrikaner Nationalists.\n • Selope Thema''s Role in Congress, 1946-49.\n • Thema in 1949.\n • Establishment of the National-Minded Bloc.\n • The National-Minded Bloc, Business, and \"Economic Independence.\"\n • The Youth Leaguers and the National-Minded Bloc.\n • Common Basis of Thema, Champion, and Msimang Leave the ANC.\n • Defiance Campaign, 1952. Xuma and the ANC, Late 1940s\/Early 1950s, Including His Attitude to the Defiance Campaign.\n • Postscript: How Did Xuma Come to Turn Against the ANC?\n • LUTULI AND MANDELA, 1952-61: THE MAHABANE HERITAGE.\n • The Mahabane Heritage.\n • The Problem of a United Front with the Liberal Party.\n • The ANC, the Liberal Party, and the COP.\n • What Influences Shaped the Freedom Charter?\n • The Land Shall Be Shared Among Those Who Work It.\n • What Organisation or Organisational Framework Was Responsible for the Charter?\n • Lutuli and the Freedom Charter.\n • The M-Plan: Preparation for Revolution?\n • The M-Plan and the South African Congress of Trade Unions.\n • The 1958 ANC Constitution and the Question of Centralisation.\n • Political Orientation of the IDAMF.\n • All-in African Conference, October 1956.\n • Multiracial Conference, December 1957: The Question of the Broad Front.\n • Proceedings of the Multiracial Conference.\n • Was the Multiracial Conference Simply a Dead End?\n • Dialogue Continues.\n • Liberal Party-ANC Relationship in the Late 1950s.\n • The PAC.\n • Why Did the ANC Leadership Prevaricate on the Issue of a Pass Campaign?\n • Growing Lack of Confidence in the Method of Mass Campaigns.\n • Crisis Symptoms in the Economy.\n • \"Sharpeville\": Was it a Herald of Revolution or Counter-Revolution?\n • Conceptual Considerations in Relation to the Call for a National Convention, 1960-61.\n • Consultative Conference, December 1960, and All-in African Conference, March 1961.","brand":"BOOKSITE","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45358788673651,"sku":"9780796924889","price":140.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2291\/7991\/files\/20061803482471.jpg?v=1790076924","url":"https:\/\/www.readerswarehouse.shop\/products\/9780796924889","provider":"Readers Warehouse","version":"1.0","type":"link"}